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Shock In any first aid emergency treat for shock! Shock may be immediate or delayed and is a life threatening illness that can be caused by almost any traumatic injury. Injuries involving large fluid loss such as bleeding and burns are especially prone to cause shock. Shock is a depression of the action of the nervous system and its control over body functions such as circulation and respiration and is characterized by weakness, rapid and weak pulse, paleness, and cool perspiration on the victim. The pupils of the eyes may be dilated and at the extreme the victim may also become incoherent. Reassure and comfort the victim and have him/her lie down. Treat the causes of the shock (burn, fractures, bleeding, etc.). Maintain normal body temperature. Most shock victims begin to lose body temperature so they will need to be covered with a blanket or other warming material. However, occasionally a shock victim's body temperature may rise, in which case you will need to lower it. If no head injuries are present elevate the victim's legs. Call for emergency help. Mild fluids may be given if medical assistance is not readily available, as may be the case in an extended emergency. A saline solution made by mixing one teaspoon of salt and one-half teaspoon of baking soda in a quart of lukewarm water may be used, having the victim drink one half glass every 15 minutes. If Abdominal injuries are present, do not give fluids. If there is any question of the victim losing consciousness, do not give fluid because the victim may regurgitate and aspirate the vomitus. The symptoms of shock are: Pale, cold, clammy skin. Weak, rapid pulse. Shallow breathing. General body weakness. Always treat a victim for shock by: Laying the victim down and elevating feet slightly higher than the head. Wrapping with a blanket to avoid chilling, or cooling if the victim develops a fever. Raising the head and shoulders if the victim has difficulty in breathing. If medical help will not be available within 30 minutes, give a lukewarm solution of salt and baking soda every 15 minutes. Never give fluids if victim is nauseated, unconscious, has a penetrating abdominal wound, or requires surgery. Back to the First Aid page.